Background: For decades, scientists sought to understand how genetic information was stored and transmitted. Early research on DNA suggested it played a role in heredity,

Background: Following the Civil War, the Reconstruction era brought new opportunities for African Americans, including political representation. The passage of the 15th Amendment granted African

Background: Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, a Southern Democrat who remained loyal to the Union, became the 17th President of the

Background: Cuba had long sought independence from Spanish colonial rule, and tensions between Spain and the United States escalated in the late 19th century. The

Background By early 1945, World War II was nearing its final months. Nazi Germany was losing ground on both the Eastern and Western Fronts, while